Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences
type: channel
description: Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences (AIJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original research, review articles, case studies, field studies, and commentaries on all aspects of Medicine. Categories:- A - Basic Medical Sciences (Anatomy, Biochemistry, Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Anatomic & Molecular Pathology, Pharmacology, Therapeutic and Toxicology, Physiology, Biomedical Engineering and Medical Laboratory Science) B – Clinical Sciences Allergy and immunology, Anesthesiology, Dermatology, Diagnostic Radiology, Emergency medicine, Family medicine, Internal medicine, Medical genetics, Neurology, Nuclear medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Pathology, Pediatrics, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Preventive medicine, Psychiatry, Radiation Oncology, Surgery, Urology C – Dental Sciences Oral and maxillofacial surgery. Prosthodontics (fixed, removable, maxillofacial, and implant prosthodontics) Conservative dentistry and endodontics. Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. Oral pathology and microbiology. Community dentistry. Pedodontics and preventive dentistry. D- Public Health E – Nursing
publisher: A.I.Publishers
language: en
publication name: Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences
issn: 2984-7583
items: Physiology of Aging: Mechanisms, Adaptations, and Interventions
items: Using Colocynth Extract as an Antibacterial Against Tooth Decay
items: Synthesis and Characterisation of New Sulfonamide Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity
items: Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection among Hemodialysis Patients in Karbala
items: Misoprostol In the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage
items: Traumatic Brain Injury (Review Article)
items: The Most Common Isolated Pathogen Bacteria from Post-Surgical Operation Cases
items: Isolation and PCR-Based Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Hospital Environments
items: Outcome of Salter Osteotomy in DDH Patients Case Series
items: Indicators of Blood Glucose Imbalance in Children with Beta-thalassemia Major
items: Biochemical Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease in Iraq Patients
items: Study of Physiological Changes in Patients Presented with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Karbala City
items: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Suture or not Suture Staple Line
items: The Relationship Between Histopathology and Physiology in The Diagnosis of Diseases
items: Diagnosis Study of Peptic Ulcer in Iraqi Patients Students
items: The Role of Helicobacter Pylori in Chronic Tonsillitis
items: Molecular Study of Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolation from Clinical Samples
items: A Molecular Study of Covid-19 By Using ROF1b\N\E Gene in Wasit Province
items: Comprehensive Review of Stem Cell Research: Current Status and Future Perspectives
items: Study on Nourseothricin and Its Activity Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria
items: Prevalence and Pattern of Cardiovascular Symptoms and Diseases in Elderly Patients
items: Urinary Tract Infections in Karbala Population: Epidemiology, Causes and Treatment Options
items: Commencement of Dialysis
items: Anal Fissure Cases in Children at Outpatient Clinic in Karbala
items: Experience 50 Cases of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Underwent Ramstids' surgery in Karbala
items: Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) As A Prognostic and Pathogenic Factor in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Iraqi Patients
items: Elective Repeated Cesarean Section (ERCS)
items: Effects of COVID-19 on Pregnancy
items: Comparative Outcomes of Laparoscopic and Open Surgical Approaches in Children with Complicated Appendicitis
items: Foodborne Diseases (Article Review)

Physiology of Aging: Mechanisms, Adaptations, and Interventions
type: item
description: The current research aimed to review in detail the physiological processes that accompany biological ageing, organ-level responses, and manipulative approaches to address age-associated deterioration. Ageing is a process characterised by reduced physiological integrity, compromised function, and increased susceptibility to chronic diseases. The rate of the world population ageing is unprecedented, and it is estimated that by 2050, the number of people aged 60 and above will reach about 2.1 billion. Biological ageing is defined as cumulative damage of molecules and cells with time. The hallmarks of ageing framework recognises nine conserved mechanisms: genomic instability, telomere loss, epigenetic changes, maintenance of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. At the organ level, there are cardiovascular stiffness, sarcopenia, endocrine dysregulation, immunosenescence, and neurodegeneration. Such interventions include lifestyle changes, pharmacological treatments with metformin and rapamycin, and new biotechnological treatments such as partial cellular reprogramming. Metformin and rapamycin have the potential to slow the progression of age-related diseases in experimental animals, and senolytic agents have potential in preclinical research. Recent technologies that employ Yamanaka factor-based reprogramming have shown impressive lifespan extension of aged mice. The issues of clinical translation are also fraught with safety, ethical, and proper trial design concerns. Epigenetic clocks and frailty indices are currently under development as biomarkers of ageing. The future lines of research focus on making geroscience methods more individualised and ensuring the intervention using the approach is both safe and effective for human use.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Classics Aging physiology, hallmarks of aging, geroscience, interventions, biomarkers, cellular senescence, rapamycin, metformin.
  topic: keywords
creator: Barakat wathiq alawadi
creator: Amna Mohammed Hamza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 32
ending page: 40
doi: 10.59675/M325

Using Colocynth Extract as an Antibacterial Against Tooth Decay
type: item
description: The past few decades have witnessed the emergence of drug-resistant germs, which has contributed to the search for bioactive substances effective against these microbes. Plant-derived phytochemicals, which can be taken from any part of the plant, including the root, stem or flower, have shown beneficial therapeutic properties. Citrullus colocynthis's ethanolic extract has been observed to have inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans. The aim of the current literature review was to explore how dental caries can be treated using herbal products and their secondary metabolites. The studies included in our review were all conducted either in the laboratory or inside the body to determine the extent of the effect of this plant on bacteria. The number of original studies using different extracts of Citrullus colocynthis was 6, with the highest concentration was (16.384 mg/mL) and the lowest MBC (1.5 mg/mL) aqueous and ethanolic extract, respectively, while the lowest MIC was 0.37 mg/mL aqueous extracts, and the highest 1 mg/mL ethanolic extract. We concluded in the current study that further studies are needed on this topic to test the possibility of using the extract safely internally and externally, given the emergence of bacteria resistant to known antibiotics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Drug-resistant germs, Citrullus colocynthis, Dental caries, Phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
creator: Ola Abdulwahhab Muslim
creator: Batool Adel Adai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
starting page: 27
ending page: 31
doi: 10.59675/M324

Synthesis and Characterisation of New Sulfonamide Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity
type: item
description: Sulfonamides, a category of antimicrobial medications, are the subject of ongoing research due to new forms of bacterial resistance. The present study was scheduled to synthesise and identify new sulfonamide derivatives and to evaluate their antibacterial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The sulfonyl chlorides were also combined with various amines and coupled under basic conditions to give the new sulfonamides with good to excellent yields (62-92%). The structural characterisation employed FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity of the synthesised compounds against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined using agar diffusion and broth microdilution. The results revealed that the existing products of the sulfonamide analogues possessed an enormous degree of broad-spectrum antibacterial action with MICs of 1.56 256 μg/mL. Several compounds were active, especially against Gram-negative pathogens, and some of the analogues were as active as ciprofloxacin. These findings suggest that the produced sulfonamides can serve as viable lead structures for the development of antibacterial drugs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sulfonamides, anti-bacterial activity, synthesis, characterization, minimum inhibitory concentration.
  topic: keywords
creator: Asmaa Edrees Fadhil
creator: Maryam Saleem Mohammed Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
starting page: 41
ending page: 48
doi: 10.59675/M326

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection among Hemodialysis Patients in Karbala
type: item
description: Liver diseases associated with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) significantly contribute to mortality and morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis. HCV infection may result in acute or chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular cancer. The incidence of hepatitis infections in the dialysis units of Imam Hussein City in Karbala has significantly increased from 2021 to 2023. Aim: Determine the HCV infection burden in hemodialysis patients in Imam Hussein Medical City from 2021-2023 and review the main risk factors associated with HCV infection in those patients. Method: Analytical cross-section study in hemodialysis units (Adel Al-Sabbah and Habeeb bin Mudhaher Al-Asdi centers) in Imam Hussein Medical City, Karbala, Iraq, from 2021 to 2023. These centers offer hemodialysis health services for residents of Karbala. Result: The demographic attributes of 122 hemodialysis patients, both with and without hepatitis C infection, at Imam Hussein Medical City were examined. The prevalence of hepatitis C among patients on dialysis was (10.37%). A significant difference was observed in the occupation distribution between the two groups. Self-employed individuals were more likely to have Hepatitis C infection compared to other occupational groups. The study shows that dialysis in other centers, surgical operations, blood transfusion, and duration of dialysis are statistically significant risk factors for HCV infection. Conclusions: HCV transmission in the hemodialysis unit is multifactorial. Dialysis in other centers, surgical operations, blood transfusion, and duration of dialysis are risk factors for HCV infection.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: viral C hepatitis, dialysis, risk factors, and blood transfusion
  topic: keywords
creator: Zainab Qassim Fathi
creator: Maha Sahib Arhim
creator: Mustafa Hussain Sadkhan
creator: Hiba Mohammed Hussain
creator: Saja Ahmed Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 18
ending page: 26
doi: 10.59675/M323

Misoprostol In the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage
type: item
description: Misoprostol, an E1 prostaglandin analogue, induces uterine contractions. Because of this property, misoprostol has proven effective in preventing and treating postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) resulting from the failure of the uterus to contract fully after delivery. In this study, we tried to demonstrate the efficacy of misoprostol in preventing PPH. Patients and methods: we collected samples of 500 women who attended Al-Batool Teaching Hospital from July 2022 to January 2023. We collected the information by direct interview through a prepared written questionnaire. Results: 500 women were enrolled in the study, 4.8% had PPH despite the usage of misoprostol. All of them used the rectal route. We found a significant difference between the fibroid and the PPH (P < 0.001). Conclusion:There is a significantly lower incidence of PPH in misoprostol intake.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Misoprostol, Post-Partum Hemorrhage.
  topic: keywords
creator: Raakad kamel saadi
creator: Enas Jaleel Alobaidy
creator: Shayamaa Kanaan Mansoor
creator: Russul Abd Al_jabar fadil
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
date: 2024-05-26
publication date: 2024-05-26
starting page: 28
ending page: 33
doi: 10.59675/M125

Traumatic Brain Injury (Review Article)
type: item
description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be caused by anything from a minor head injury to a catastrophic brain injury. In the United States, 1.7 million people are at risk of experiencing a traumatic brain injury, with seniors 65 and older and teens between the ages of 15 and 19 having the highest risk. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), often known as a brain concussion, was formerly assumed to be a non-life-threatening disorder. Mild traumatic brain injury has gained a lot of attention, however, because of some of the negative neuropsychological repercussions it has on people who serve in the military and those who participate in contact sports. This activity emphasizes the importance of interprofessional team members working together to offer well-coordinated therapy and improve patient outcomes. Its primary focus is on the examination and treatment of traumatic brain injuries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Traumatic brain injury, brain concussion
  topic: keywords
creator: Samir F. Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 83
ending page: 90
doi: 10.59675/M119

The Most Common Isolated Pathogen Bacteria from Post-Surgical Operation Cases
type: item
description: In this study, 300 patients who had undergone surgery and were admitted to the surgical department of the University Teaching Hospital in middle Iraq cities between March 2022 and December 2023 were included; pus is a white to yellow fluid produced after surgical procedures that contain necrotic tissues, dead WBCs, and cellular debris. 75 (40%) were in the 15 to 60 age range. The current study is expected to regulate the occurrence of surgical sites and to assess the bacteriological outline and antibiotic susceptibility of surgical site pathogens among isolates. Common pathogens isolated were the pathogens revealed different levels of antibiotic resistance; Ampicillin 95%, Bacitracin88%, Ceftriaxone80%, Ciprofloxacin 77% Chloramphenicol 65%, Erythromycin57%, Gentamicin 50%, Kanamycin 45%, Nalidixic acid35% andNitrofurantoin30%. Interestingly, there were 50 (35%) more male instances than female cases. Pathogen bacteria were detected using samples from suspicious wounds and bacteria growth media. The SSI overall incidence was 15 %. The associated risk factors were the surgeon's skills and experience, an increased age, wound classification, longer duration of surgery (> 3 h), blood transfusion, prolonged hospital stay and emergency surgery. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 22% (44/200), Acinectobacte 21% (42/200), Klebsiella ssp. 17.5% (35/200), Staphylococcus aureus 15% (30/200), Escherichia coli 13% (26/200) and Proteus mirabilis 7% (14/200).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Isolation, Diagnosis, pathogen bacteria, surgical, patients, Iraq &hospitals
  topic: keywords
creator: Nisreen Jawad Kadhim
creator: Samir F. Hassan
creator: Mohammed R. Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
date: 2024-05-26
publication date: 2024-05-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.59675/M121

Isolation and PCR-Based Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Hospital Environments
type: item
description: The proposed study aimed to assess the occurrence and pattern of antibiotic-resistant bacterium in hospital settings both through traditional methods of culture as well as PCR-based molecular identification. Sampling of the environment of different units in Ramadi Teaching Hospital was carried out over a six-month period. A total of 600 environmental samples were sampled in the high-risk environments such as intensive care units, emergency departments, surgical suites, and medical wards by standardized swabbing methods. Traditional culture methods and PCR amplification based on common resistance genes such as mecA, vanA/vanB, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and qnr genes were used in processing the samples. Findings indicated that the hospital was generally contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in all hospital units. Out of the 600 samples taken, 387 (64.5% of the total samples) were positive by conventional culture test, and PCR-based results revealed the presence of resistant bacteria in 456 samples (76.0% of the total samples). The highest contamination rates were found in intensive care units with 94.7% of samples being positive on PCR. The most commonly isolated organisms were MRSA (34.2%), VRE (28.7%), and ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae (41.5%). Detection using PCR was more sensitive (89.2% than the traditional culture methods (64.5%). The environmental contamination rates and the clinical infection rates were strongly correlated (r = 0.742, p < 0.001). The research confirms the usefulness of molecular detection systems in monitoring the environment in hospitals and points to the prevalence of the presence of multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental surveillance, antibiotic resistance, PCR detection, hospital-acquired infections, MRSA, VRE, ESBL
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Abdullah Kamil
creator: Sura Saadoun khalaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 11
ending page: 17
doi: 10.59675/M322

Outcome of Salter Osteotomy in DDH Patients Case Series
type: item
description: Backgrounds: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a disorder of abnormal development resulting in dysplasia and possible subluxation or dislocation of the hip secondary to capsular laxity and mechanical factors. Objective: To assess Clinical and radiological outcome of Salter osteotomy in ddh patient. Methods: The study is a Prospective descriptive analysis study involving 12 patients (1 males, 11 females) conducted in Karbala Governorate, Iraq, at Imam Al-Hussain Medical City and Imam Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba Hospital from January 01, 2023, to January 01, 2025. Patients diagnosed with DDH and who underwent Salter osteotomy were included. Data collection was done through paper questionnaires focusing on age, sex, delivery mode, disease bilaterality, acetabular index, Modified McKay criteria, and postoperative complications (infection, redislocation, AVN). Ethical approval was granted by the research committees, ensuring patient confidentiality. Statistical analysis utilized descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). Results: The study included a total of 12 participants, with 9 participants (75.0%) being under 2 years of age and 3 participants (25.0%) being over 2 years. Among these participants, 11 were female (91.7%) and 1 was male (8.3%). In terms of bilaterality, 6 participants (50.0%) had unilateral conditions left, 3 participants (25.0%) had bilateral conditions, and the remaining 3 participants (25.0%) had unilateral right conditions. Regarding delivery mode, 6 participants (50.0%) were delivered via cesarean section, while the other 6 (50.0%) were delivered through normal vaginal delivery. Conclusions: In this study conclude Salter osteotomy in patient with DDH under six years old dilver good to excellent clinical and radiological outcome.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Salter Osteotomy, DDH, Patients Case Series.
  topic: keywords
creator: Durgham H. Jasim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-12
publication date: 2025-09-12
starting page: 01
ending page: 10
doi: 10.59675/M321

Indicators of Blood Glucose Imbalance in Children with Beta-thalassemia Major
type: item
description: Children diagnosed with beta-thalassemia major have a significantly increased likelihood of developing an imbalance in their blood glucose levels. It is essential to do screenings for diabetes and prediabetes in children, and to maintain a high degree of suspicion for abnormalities in blood glucose levels, since this is important for their management. Additionally, it is crucial to acknowledge other markers of blood glucose imbalance, including the glycated hemoglobin level, the fructosamine level, and the occurrence of hypoglycemic crises. Implementing preventive measures and closely monitoring one's health can effectively hinder the path towards diabetes. Thalassemia is a prevalent hereditary blood condition. The need for frequent blood transfusions in thalassemia leads to an excess of iron in the body, which has a role in the development of several disorders, including those affecting insulin production and function. This review examines the several markers of blood glucose dysregulation in children diagnosed with beta-thalassemia major. It also explores the impact of iron overload and other factors, such as the effects of desferioxamine and deferasirox. The review also discusses strategies for preventing diabetes and emphasizes the significance of a multidisciplinary team in caring for these youngsters
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Blood Glucose Imbalance,
  topic: keywords
subject: Children
  topic: keywords
subject: Thalassemia Major
  topic: keywords
creator: Z Abdul Alamir Mezher
creator: Walaa Khalid Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-01
publication date: 2024-06-01
starting page: 35
ending page: 42
doi: 10.59675/M213

Biochemical Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease in Iraq Patients
type: item
description: Background: One major issue for global public health is chronic kidney disease (CKD). Morbidity and death are linked to several hematological and biochemical abnormalities that are connected with it. This study set out to assess biochemical markers in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Methods: At the Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Karbala, Iraq, 75 patients with chronic renal disease participated in this prospective cross-sectional trial, which lasted a full year. In patients with chronic renal disease, biochemical markers like creatinine, calcium, urea, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, and count were assessed using conventional methods. Ten matched controls and the findings were compared with respect to age. SPSS 21 for Windows was used for the analysis of the findings. Results: When CKD patients were compared to controls, hemoglobin, total white blood cell count, platelet count, and red blood cell count all dropped and were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Regarding biochemical markers, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) rise in the serum levels of creatinine, urea, calcium, and phosphorus when compared to the control group. 55.22% of instances of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were caused by diabetes and hypertension together, with hypertension alone accounting for 35.65% of cases. Conclusion: Patients with chronic renal disease have imbalances in their hematological and biochemical limitations. The organization of these patients benefits from routine evaluation of these constraints.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biochemical, Assessment, Kidney, Hypertension, Diabetes, Patients
  topic: keywords
creator: Zainab Abdulelah Abbas
creator: Zainab Saad Abdulameer Al-Salihi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-20
publication date: 2024-06-20
starting page: 43
ending page: 50
doi: 10.59675/M214

Study of Physiological Changes in Patients Presented with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Karbala City
type: item
description: This study conducted to know changes that occur for some physiological parameters in patients with diabetes disease related to peripheral neuropathy to important these changes in identification, determine, and know some factors and response of patient to treatment and total samples are 200 sample divided into 100 sample patient and divided into 50 sample infected to diabetes disease related to peripheral neuropathy and 50 sample infected to diabetes disease without peripheral neuropathy and 100 sample as control from female only about 40-65 year old and each patient present in diabetes center in alhussein hospital in Karbala. This study included measured glucose level in blood and hemoglobin level and this study present significant increase (P≤0.05) in glucose level in blood and hemoglobin level compared with cont.ol group
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes Disease, Peripheral Neuropathy, Glucose in Blood and Hemoglobin
  topic: keywords
creator: Qasim Hamadi Abid
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 104
ending page: 106
doi: 10.59675/M11.12

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Suture or not Suture Staple Line
type: item
description: Background The severity of postoperative complications is the main disadvantage of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Staple line reinforcement (SLR) is strongly advocated. Recently, oversewing has been proposed as a cost-effective and helpful method for reinforcing the staple line. Aim of the study: To evaluate the benefit of staple lines over sewing in decreasing postoperative complications and their severity. Patients and methods: One hundred laparoscopic surgery group (LSG) patients were randomly assigned to either group (A) without staple line over sewing or (B) with staple line over sewing from January 2022 to January 2023 in a prospective study conducted at three hospitals (Alhussein Medical City, Alkafeel Private Hospital, and Zain Alabdin Private Hospital). We want to learn if laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy patients benefited more from a staple line than a sewn one. Results: The most frequently reported complication was bleeding, which was reported in two patients in group A and one patient in group B, respectively; vomiting was reported more frequently in group B. The cross-tabulation between complications and comorbidities revealed no significant association between them. The hospital stay was the same in both groups except for patients with non-surgical complications, which need more hospital stay time. In regard to the severity of complications, we found that complicated cases in group A needed more hospital stays and more interventions to control the problem in comparison to those in group B. Conclusion: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with staple line over sewing is a technique that may decrease early complications and the severity of complications. There was no significant difference between the two groups (with and without staple line over sewing) in regard to the relation between complications on one side and the comorbidity on the other.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)
  topic: keywords
subject: Staple line reinforcement (SLR)
  topic: keywords
creator: Sabah Kareem Al hussaini
creator: Marwa Issa Yaseen
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
date: 2024-05-31
publication date: 2024-05-31
starting page: 24
ending page: 34
doi: 10.59675/M212

The Relationship Between Histopathology and Physiology in The Diagnosis of Diseases
type: item
description: Background: Histopathology and physiology play crucial roles in the diagnosis of diseases. Histopathology involves the microscopic examination of tissues, while physiology focuses on the activities of organs and systems. This paper examines the interaction between histological techniques and illness diagnosis, emphasizing the progress made in these techniques and their crucial importance in medical diagnostics. Methods: This comprehensive review analyzes the progression of histopathology from basic tissue observations to more sophisticated methods such as immunohistochemistry and digital pathology. It highlights the role of these techniques in diagnosing a range of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and neurological conditions. Results: Histopathology offers a vital understanding of disease causes and severity, necessary for precise diagnosis and efficient therapy planning. Diagnostic precision has been improved by special staining, immunohistochemistry, and molecular pathology. The study emphasizes the significance of physiological measurements in comprehending functional irregularities and the impact of diseases, aiding in the early detection and categorization of risks. Conclusion: The combination of histology and physiology provides a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and treating diseases. The collaboration across these disciplines is crucial for advancing targeted medicines and enhancing patient outcomes, highlighting the ongoing development and significance of these fields in contemporary medicine.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Histopathology, Physiology, Diagnosis of Diseases
  topic: keywords
creator: Nada Abdulhussein Alkafaj
creator: Tuqa Sabbar Rahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
date: 2024-05-26
publication date: 2024-05-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 23
doi: 10.59675/M211

Diagnosis Study of Peptic Ulcer in Iraqi Patients Students
type: item
description: Background: Even in the absence of a Helicobacter pylori infection, psychological stress and a need for fast food can cause peptic ulcer. Research on the relationship between sociodemographic traits and peptic ulcers has revealed a number of risk factors, including a packed family, poor income, unemployment, marital tension, and physical and mental strain. The aim of the current study is to determine the clinical picture of gastric ulcer based on medical history and social status in a sample of Iraqi patients. Methods: Students studying science and medicine who had signs of peptic ulcer disease were the subjects of a cross-sectional investigation. The sample was collected during the period of one year, November 2021 to February 2022. Initially, the procedure was elucidated to the patients, and informed consent was obtained from all enrolled individuals. Peptic ulcer disease was diagnosed by routine examinations, Helicobacter pylori diagnosis by stool antigen test, and gastroduodenoscopy of the patients, in addition to taking the medical history and information about the social status. Results: The study included 45 patients with peptic ulcer, 15 (33.33%) males and 30 (66.66%) females, aged 19-26 years. The control group was 25 healthy individuals, and their symptoms were either acute abdominal pain proven to be caused by peptic ulcer in the patients or hematemesis in 13 (28.88%) patients. Conclusion: Peptic ulcers can be visualised and bleeding can occur, so there should be awareness of pain management and prompt treatment. There should be good and effective analgesia, reassurance, and empathy with patients, and advice on protection against gastric and intestinal ulcers when needed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diagnosis, Peptic, Ulcer, Iraqi, Patients, students
  topic: keywords
creator: Fadhl ALzamili
creator: Nisreen Jawad Kadhim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-08-29
publication date: 2024-08-29
starting page: 12
ending page: 19
doi: 10.59675/M223

The Role of Helicobacter Pylori in Chronic Tonsillitis
type: item
description: Chronic tonsillitis is a common inflammatory disease of the tonsillar tissue that causes various ENT pathologies. Microbiological studies have shown a possible correlation between tonsillitis and Helicobacter pylori. Patients with chronic tonsillitis and H. pylori infections have a higher risk of complications. PCR testing revealed H. pylori DNA in 30.8% of patients with chronic tonsillitis, compared to a lower rate in healthy volunteers. Complications of chronic tonsillitis include infectious endocarditis, scarlet fever, and psoriasis. Carcinoma of the tonsil may be a possible complication in patients with tonsillitis and H. pylori. Detecting markers of H. pylori in oral cavity and eradicating the pathogen is recommended for patients with chronic tonsillitis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chronic tonsillitis, Inflammatory disease, Tonsillar tissue, ENT pathologies, Microbiological studies.
  topic: keywords
creator: Lames H. Almansee
creator: Sumaya Mohammad Obayies
creator: Ban Abbas Kareem
creator: Husam Hosny
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-20
publication date: 2024-12-20
starting page: 32
ending page: 38
doi: 10.59675/M226

Molecular Study of Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolation from Clinical Samples
type: item
description: Escherichia coli regarded as the most important causes of intestinal illnesses in the world and also a significant public health challenge. Intestinal sicknesses which are caused by E. coli infection are often under diagnosed while doing usual microbiological analysis, particularly in resource constrained settings. However, the use of molecular tests could be helpful to identify the distribution of intestinal illnesses of E. coli infection and also its clinical importance. The distribution analysis of virulence factors which exist among various E. coli pathotypes which include Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) will offer substantial insights with regard to the mechanisms through which various E. coli strains lead to diseases and result in the growth of different E. coli types. This present investigation therefore is an attempt to evaluate the incidence of intestinal illnesses of E. coli in clinical samples taken from patients. The samples from 150 patients and 15 controls were collected and then screened for E. coli. Compatible colonies taken from 150 individuals (150 patients and 15 controls) were characterized through performing biochemical test, a set of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for recognition of six virulence factors. The clinical samples from patients were within two months -two year attending. Pyelonephritis were associated by pili (pap gene, hemolysin (hly gene), aerobactin (aer gene), translocon pore-forming subunit espB and Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) respectively. They were related with six intestinal illnesses pathotypes. The incidence of hlyA and papC (both 40%) was highest, and was followed by espB, aer, stx1, stx2(30%,25%,20% and 18%) respectively. Although, how and whether these mixtures of genes affect their pathogenicity is an issue that have to be investigated and elucidated. The findings obtained in this study highlight the significance of epidemiological and microbiological surveillance of STECs. It also determines if the development …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: molecular, characterises, Enteropathogenic, Escherichia coli isolation .
  topic: keywords
creator: Lames H Almanseekanaa
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-06-15
publication date: 2022-06-15
starting page: 06
ending page: 14(2022)
doi: 10.59675/M2022-02

A Molecular Study of Covid-19 By Using ROF1b\N\E Gene in Wasit Province
type: item
description: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 in patients according to age, gender, and place, concentrating on the population aged 1 to 70 in Wasit province. A prospective controlled study included 600 patients (390 males and 210 females) who suffered from the following symptoms: headache, exhaustion, taste and appetite loss, fever, and shortness of breath from July to November 2023. Swab nasal samples were collected, and patient information was taken after obtaining consent from all patients; real-time reverse transcription PCR technology was then used to detect the coronavirus in patient samples. Results showed the total percentage of COVID-19 infection was 59/600(9.83%) in patients; according to age, the results indicated that the age group (16–25) had the highest proportion of COVID-19 infection (2.66%), while the age group (46–55) had the lowest percentage of infection (0.33%). In contrast, according to gender, the results showed the highest percentage of COVID-19 infection was (5.33%) for males, and the lowest percentage of infection was (4.50%) for females. In conclusion, statistical analysis results indicated significant differences in infection between female and male patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Zinah Shakir Shallal
creator: Shifaa Ali Abdulmohsin Al-Hachami
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-20
publication date: 2024-12-20
starting page: 47
ending page: 54
doi: 10.59675/M228

Comprehensive Review of Stem Cell Research: Current Status and Future Perspectives
type: item
description: Background: Stem cell research has emerged as a cornerstone of regenerative medicine, offering unprecedented opportunities for treating degenerative diseases, understanding development, and advancing drug discovery. This review synthesizes current knowledge and recent advances in stem cell biology while examining future directions and challenges. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed literature, clinical trials, and technological developments in stem cell research from 2000-2024. Sources included major scientific databases and trial registries, focusing on breakthrough discoveries, methodological advances, and therapeutic applications. Results: Recent advances have significantly improved our understanding of stem cell biology and expanded potential therapeutic applications. Key developments include enhanced protocols for maintaining and differentiating stem cells, improved reprogramming techniques for induced pluripotent stem cells, and successful clinical applications in specific diseases. Notable progress has been made in disease modeling, drug screening, and tissue engineering. However, challenges remain in scaling up production, ensuring safety, and overcoming immune rejection. Conclusions: While stem cell research has made substantial progress, several technical and regulatory challenges must be addressed before widespread clinical implementation. The field's future lies in integrating multiple approaches, including gene editing, artificial intelligence, and advanced bioengineering techniques. Continued innovation in methodology and careful consideration of ethical implications will be crucial for realizing the full potential of stem cell-based therapies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Stem cells; Regenerative medicine; Cell therapy; Tissue engineering; Disease modeling; Drug development; Clinical translation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramil sali
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-06-15
publication date: 2022-06-15
starting page: 15
ending page: 22(2022)
doi: 10.59675/M2022-03

Study on Nourseothricin and Its Activity Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria
type: item
description: Background: A global problem is created by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, necessitating the development of new antimicrobials to ensure effectiveness. “The antimicrobial activity of nourseothricin against clinically significant drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is reported here, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)” producing Escherichia coli, carbapenem-resistant “Klebsiella pneumoniae,” and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). Methods: The antimicrobial activity of nourseothricin was evaluated through the use of standard microbiological assays. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution method, following the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Sixty clinical isolates were included: MRSA (n=20), ESBL-producing E. coli (n=15), carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (n=15), and VRE (n=10). Time-kill kinetics were assessed at concentrations of 0.5×, 1×, 2×, and 4× MIC. Results: Potent activity was displayed by nourseothricin against all tested strains, with MIC90 values of 4 μg/mL for MRSA, 8 μg/mL for ESBL E. coli, 16 μg/mL for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, and 8 μg/mL for VRE. Rapid bactericidal activity was demonstrated during time-kill studies, showing a ≥3-log₁₀ reduction in viable cell counts within 4.5 hours for MRSA and 5.2 hours for ESBL E. coli when exposed to 4× MIC. MIC values were found to be highly correlated with inhibition zone diameters (r = 0.89, p < 0.001), and reproducible activity was observed against both gram-positive and gram-negative resistant strains”. Conclusions: Significant potential for nourseothricin as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial against traditionally drug-resistant pathogens is indicated by the findings of this study. Rapid bactericidal activity, particularly against WHO priority pathogens, and a well-characterized mechanism of action suggest therapeutic applications. These res…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nourseothricin; Antimicrobial resistance; MRSA; ESBL; WHO priority pathogens; Minimum inhibitory concentration.
  topic: keywords
creator: Lames H. Almanseekanaa
creator: Raed H. Ogaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-06-25
publication date: 2024-06-25
starting page: 60
ending page: 68
doi: 10.59675/M216

Prevalence and Pattern of Cardiovascular Symptoms and Diseases in Elderly Patients
type: item
description: For men and women of all ages, heart disease continues to be the primary cause of death. Emphasising the necessity of creative methods to improve patient care and survival. Between 50% and 75% of cardiovascular disease-related deaths in wealthy nations happen outside of hospitals. Even in most countries, the proportion of persons over 66 steadily rises and makes up a larger population share. The medical treatment of older people heavily burdens the healthcare system. Giving older patients the proper medical treatment requires specialised understanding. As we age, the body undergoes several changes, and numerous chronic illnesses arise. The visceral organs' function deteriorates, the healing process slows, disease symptoms become less noticeable, and diagnosing a condition is frequently challenging. Furthermore, because the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications vary from those of younger individuals, the therapy options also vary. Having a family member or caregiver participate in the session can be helpful because communicating with elderly individuals can be distressing. For those over 65, "cardiovascular diseases" continue to be the direct reason for death. The most significant of these conditions are atrial "fibrillation", "hypertension", "coronary artery disease", and "congestive heart failure”.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Prevalence, Cardiovascular, Symptoms, Diseases, Elderly Patients.
  topic: keywords
creator: Saeed Hameed Lafta
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-06-25
publication date: 2024-06-25
starting page: 69
ending page: 78
doi: 10.59675/M217

Urinary Tract Infections in Karbala Population: Epidemiology, Causes and Treatment Options
type: item
description: Aim of study: To identify the etiological agent of urinary tract infections and test the sensitivity of microorganisms that caused UTIs to antibiotics. The study also aims to find the appropriate treatment that bacteria cannot resist or to find an alternative to it in treating urinary tract infections. Methods: This was conducted at the microbiology department of the Al-Imam Al-Hussein Medical City in Karbala. Urine samples were collected from patients of different ages and sex. Bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility were performed in the laboratory. Many symptoms diagnose urinary tract infections (UTIs) by examining urine samples and bacterial growth on Petri dishes. There is a significant risk because of the increase in protract infections and the growing antibiotic resistance leading to the increase of the economic burden of these illnesses. Results: UTI cultured samples included 30 males (26.5%) and 83 females (73.5%), with patient ages ranging from 18 to 90. Among 113 individuals with uropathogens, Escherichia coli in 49 patients (55.37%), followed by Staphylococcus bacteria detected in 38 patients (42.94%). Klebsiella pneumonia was detected in only 9 patients (10.17%), while other types of bacteria were detected in 17 (19%). Various antimicrobial agents were employed on the isolated bacteria; the highest sensitivity was observed for meropenem (79.5%), while the lowest sensitivity was noted for ampicillin (21.2%). Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of UTI is very important to minimise medical complications and decrease financial outcomes; this is achieved by isolating the causative pathogens and testing for suitable antimicrobial drugs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urinary tract infections, Microorganisms, and Antibiotics.
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatema Abdulla Mankhey
creator: Maha Sahab Al kabbi
creator: Zahraa Murtadha Nzssrullah
creator: Maha Sabah Majeed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-02-26
publication date: 2025-02-26
starting page: 18
ending page: 24
doi: 10.59675/M313

Commencement of Dialysis
type: item
description: This study aims to lay out information on the commencement of dialysis in the human body. In this case, the paper has considered an article that deals with beginning dialysis in patients with renal disease or failure. Early dialysis can be one of the effective ways to be a positive factor that can heal renal failure among patients. The paper has also reviewed other relevant articles to support the aspect presented by the primary authors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dialysis initiation, Renal failure, Kidney disease, Early dialysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Vian Hussam Almansi Alqani
creator: Mudhfar Mohammed Meizel
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-15
publication date: 2022-06-15
starting page: 28
ending page: 32 (2022)
doi: 10.59675/M2022-05

Anal Fissure Cases in Children at Outpatient Clinic in Karbala
type: item
description: Objective: Anal fissures are often accompanied by patients’ refusal to defecate, despite diarrhoea, due to severe pain in the anus. These health problems are particularly evident in patients with anal canal obstruction. However, the functional disease that causes anal fissures is not limited to persistent diarrhoea or constipation. Our current research aims to achieve clinical significance in the treatment of the disease and to reduce the prevalence of diseases associated with anal fissures in the age groups mentioned for pediatric patients who suffer from a variety of clinical manifestations. Methods: Data related to 250 cases of anal fissure disease were collected for children aged between 1 month and 10 years in Karbala Pediatric Clinics for both sexes for the period from 1-3-2023 to 7-5-2024. There were various causes related to anal fissures in children, distributed between 100 cases for males and 150 cases for females. Treated by Diet, toilet training, lactulose syrup, lidocaine gel, + Laximed Suppositories 240 cases, while treated by anal dilatation under general Anaesthesia 10 cases. Results: Number of patients distributed according to age from 1 month to 10 years old. Data documented the following: (60 cases were from 1 to 6 months), (95 cases were from 6 months – 1 year), (75 cases were from 1 – 3 years), and (20 cases were from 3 – 10 years). Conclusions: An anal fissure in children is a common disease that needs to be treated surgically or non-surgically, as it is accompanied by other related diseases that may lead to other complications that worsen in the future if neglected. Therefore, containing and controlling the disease is essential through an early visit to a specialist doctor, as it is possible to treat the disease and follow the specialist doctor’s instructions until full recovery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anal fissure, Diversity cases, and Children
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasan Mohammed Ridha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-02-16
publication date: 2025-02-16
starting page: 11
ending page: 17
doi: 10.59675/M312

Experience 50 Cases of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Underwent Ramstids' surgery in Karbala
type: item
description: Background: Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants. There is a paucity of published data regarding this condition in our setting. This study describes the clinical presentation, mode of treatment, and outcome of treatment for this disease, and identifies factors responsible for the poor outcome in these patients. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of infants with Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis admitted to hospitals in Karbala between January 1, 2020, and October 24, 2024 (50 cases, 40 males, 10 females). Results: electrolyte disturbance, including Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, Hypokalemia, and Metabolic alkalosis. Division of case number by age, including (1-2 weeks is 2), (2-6 weeks is 40), and (older than 6 weeks is 8). Clinical features presentation number, including (non-bilious projectile vomiting = 50, poor weight gain =30, and vomiting with blood = 2). Post-operative complications including surgical site infection = 5 cases, incisional hernia = 1 case, post-operative emesis = 10 cases, and death = zero. Conclusion: Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the predominant cause of gastric outlet obstruction in newborns in our context. A guideline should be established to rectify fluid and electrolyte imbalances post-diagnosis to reduce perioperative hospital duration. Postoperatively, these patients require meticulous management in the pediatric ward, particularly during the first postoperative phase. Additional research is required in this domain to enhance the management of infants with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Hasan Mohammed Ridha
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-12-20
publication date: 2024-12-20
starting page: 55
ending page: 60
doi: 10.59675/M229

Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) As A Prognostic and Pathogenic Factor in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Iraqi Patients
type: item
description: Background: The prostate gland has a high rate of benign and malignant disease, including “benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)” and prostatic adenocarcinoma. BPH occurs in as many as 75% of males by the eighth decade of life. “Prostate cancer” is the second most common cancer in the world, and in Iraq, it is the third most common cancer after lung and colorectal cancers. “Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3)” is a member of the trefoil factor family, which has been associated with epithelial repair and tumorigenesis. TFF3 promotes a cancerous state by increasing cell migration, invasion, and the formation of the tumor microenvironment, and by inhibiting apoptosis, likely through the activation of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate TFF3 expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma versus BPH and to assess its correlation with pathological features, including age, preoperative PSA level, Gleason grade, perineural, and lymphovascular invasion. Method: An examination of sixty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded prostatic tissue blocks was performed: 30 “benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)” and 30 prostatic adenocarcinomas. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical staining with anti-TFF3 monoclonal antibody were performed on each block. TFF3 expression was qualitatively evaluated under light microscopy and correlated with computer-derived clinicopathologic characteristics. Results: TFF3 expression was demonstrated in 93.3% of cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and was expressed in only 20% of BPH cases. A highly statistically significant correlation was observed between TFF3 expression and Gleason grade (p = 0.00004) and with preoperative PSA (p = 0.000012). There was no statistically significant correlation with age, perineural, or lymphovascular invasion. TFF3 has a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 80% as a diagnostic marker. Conclusion: TFF3 is significantly overexpressed in prostatic adenocar…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Prostate Cancer, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), Prostatic Adenocarcinoma, Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3), Tumor Biomarker
  topic: keywords
creator: Heba Moaid Abdulghani
creator: Mohammed Fawzi Alqanbar
creator: Ali Fahdil Hashim
creator: Nazar Jabbar Metib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-04-01
publication date: 2025-04-01
starting page: 25
ending page: 43
doi: 10.59675/M314

Elective Repeated Cesarean Section (ERCS)
type: item
description: Objective: To investigate the timing of elective repeat cesarean deliveries at Al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Diyala, Iraq. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 100 women who underwent elective repeat cesarean delivery at 37-40 weeks gestation at Al-Batool Teaching Hospital. Emergency cesarean deliveries were excluded. Results: The majority of elective repeat cesarean deliveries (78%) were performed at 37 weeks gestation. Cesarean deliveries at 38, 39, and 40 weeks accounted for 4%, 2%, and 16% of the sample, respectively. Conclusions: In this cohort, most elective repeat cesarean deliveries were conducted at 37 weeks gestation, rather than the recommended 40 weeks. Delivering earlier than 39-40 weeks in the absence of medical indications reduces the chances of successful vaginal birth after cesarean. These findings suggest that evidence-based protocols were not consistently followed for timing of elective repeat cesarean sections at this institution. Further research is needed to identify barriers to adhering to delivery guidelines and implement quality improvement initiatives to optimize cesarean delivery timing when clinically appropriate.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: caesarean delivery, Elective cesarean section
  topic: keywords
creator: Azal Sadiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
date: 2023-10-30
publication date: 2023-10-30
starting page: 63
ending page: 69
doi: 10.59675/M129

Effects of COVID-19 on Pregnancy
type: item
description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted pregnant women worldwide. Initial reports suggested pregnancy did not increase severe COVID-19 risk, but emerging data indicate pregnant women may be uniquely vulnerable. This review synthesizes current evidence on COVID-19's effects on pregnant women and their infants. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus using keywords related to COVID-19 and pregnancy. Original research articles published through January 2023 examining effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women and neonates were included. Study quality was assessed using standardized criteria. Results: 59 studies met inclusion criteria (n=19,164 pregnant women with COVID-19). Compared to non-pregnant controls, pregnant women had higher odds of ICU admission (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.33-1.96), mechanical ventilation (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.36-2.60), and mortality (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.33-1.96). Preterm birth was more likely (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.14-1.91). Vertical transmission was uncommon (2.7%, 95%CI 1.73-4.21%). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in placenta (17%), amniotic fluid (5.7%), umbilical cord blood (5.8%), and breast milk (13%). Long-term data remain limited. Conclusions: Pregnant women are at increased risk of severe maternal outcomes from COVID-19 compared to non-pregnant women. Preterm birth is more likely. Vertical transmission occurs but appears rare. SARS-CoV-2 can be present in fetal compartments and breast milk. Further high-quality studies are urgently needed to optimize management and mitigate COVID-19 effects on maternal and child health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Covid-19, Pregnancy, pandemic
  topic: keywords
creator: Inaam Faisal Mohammed
creator: Rukaia Hassan Abass
creator: Ahmed Khalis Jasim
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
date: 2024-05-26
publication date: 2024-05-26
starting page: 51
ending page: 62
doi: 10.59675/M128

Comparative Outcomes of Laparoscopic and Open Surgical Approaches in Children with Complicated Appendicitis
type: item
description: Background: Children with severe appendicitis are one of the most frequent surgical emergencies. Laparoscopic appendectomy has proven effective in uncomplicated appendicitis, but it is more challenging in complicated cases where the appendix becomes inflamed. Our current study aimed to compare the basic approach between laparoscopic and open surgical appendectomy in children. Methods: Fifty cases of previously complicated appendicitis were controlled and monitored. The LA group consisted of 36 children, and the OA group consisted of 14. The duration of symptoms of complicated appendicitis, the time required for surgery, the possibility of eating, the occurrence of complications, whether early or late, as well as the length of the patient's hospital stay and the use of certain antibiotics. Results: There were no significant differences between the two age groups, including in the duration of symptoms or the total white blood cell count. The surgery took 58 minutes and 5 minutes for LA and 65 minutes and 5 minutes for OA. Patients in the LA group were more likely to return to oral feeding earlier (3 ± 1 days) compared to those in the control group (4 ± 1 days) for each osteoporosis patient. Still, they remained in the hospital for a shorter period (3 ± 1 days) compared to the osteoporosis patients (5 ± 1 days). Only 6% of people in group LA got a wound infection, but 20% of people in group OA did. Conclusions: The laparoscopic method can be used to treat severe appendicitis in kids, and it is safe. Most of the time, laparoscopic appendectomy is the best way to treat children with severe appendicitis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Complication appendicitis, Laparoscopic appendectomy, Open appendectomy, Wound infected).
  topic: keywords
creator: Alaa Mohammed Ali Albaazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-28
publication date: 2025-06-28
starting page: 44
ending page: 49
doi: 10.59675/M315

Foodborne Diseases (Article Review)
type: item
description: Foodborne disease has been one of the most common diseases which actually take place due to the upshot of consuming poisoned or contaminated food. After severe examination and observation, it has been found that the foods become contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, viruses or even different types of parasites. Taking into consideration this topic, several researchers in the world has stated their result after severe observation and examination of food-borne disease. The main aim of this article is to lay information regarding the disease, its causes, and its prevention in accordance to several articles. The given articles have been chosen to take information and make an authentic review of the topic which will be necessary for further study and any other scholarly purpose.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Food-Borne Diseases, Bacterial, Viral
  topic: keywords
creator: Lames H. ALManseeqanaa
creator: Raed H. Ogaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-15
publication date: 2023-07-15
starting page: 7
ending page: 10
doi: 10.59675/M122