Diagnosis Study of Peptic Ulcer in Iraqi Patients Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59675/M223Keywords:
Diagnosis, Peptic, Ulcer, Iraqi, Patients, studentsAbstract
Background: Even in the absence of a Helicobacter pylori infection, psychological stress and a need for fast food can cause peptic ulcer. Research on the relationship between sociodemographic traits and peptic ulcers has revealed a number of risk factors, including a packed family, poor income, unemployment, marital tension, and physical and mental strain. The aim of the current study is to determine the clinical picture of gastric ulcer based on medical history and social status in a sample of Iraqi patients. Methods: Students studying science and medicine who had signs of peptic ulcer disease were the subjects of a cross-sectional investigation. The sample was collected during the period of one year, November 2021 to February 2022. Initially, the procedure was elucidated to the patients, and informed consent was obtained from all enrolled individuals. Peptic ulcer disease was diagnosed by routine examinations, Helicobacter pylori diagnosis by stool antigen test, and gastroduodenoscopy of the patients, in addition to taking the medical history and information about the social status. Results: The study included 45 patients with peptic ulcer, 15 (33.33%) males and 30 (66.66%) females, aged 19-26 years. The control group was 25 healthy individuals, and their symptoms were either acute abdominal pain proven to be caused by peptic ulcer in the patients or hematemesis in 13 (28.88%) patients.
Conclusion: Peptic ulcers can be visualised and bleeding can occur, so there should be awareness of pain management and prompt treatment. There should be good and effective analgesia, reassurance, and empathy with patients, and advice on protection against gastric and intestinal ulcers when needed.
References
Malik TF, Gnanapandithan K, Singh K. Peptic ulcer disease. 2018.
Zelickson MS, Bronder CM, Johnson BL, Camunas JA, Smith DE, Rawlinson D, et al. Helicobacter pylori is not the predominant etiology for peptic ulcers requiring operation. Am Surg. 2011;77:1054-60. PMID: 21944523.
Lanas A, Chan FKL. Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet (London, England). 2017;390:613-24. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32404-7. PMID: 28242110.
Kavitt RT, Lipowska AM, Anyane-Yeboa A, Gralnek IM. Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease. Am J Med. 2019;132:447-56. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.12.009. PMID: 30611829.
Sung JJY, Kuipers EJ, El-Serag HB. Systematic review: the global incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29:938-46. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03960.x. PMID: 19220208.
Abbasi-Kangevari M, Ahmadi N, Fattahi N, Rezaei N, Malekpour MR, Ghamari SH, et al. Quality of care of peptic ulcer disease worldwide: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 1990–2019. PLoS One. 2022;17(8)
Kruk ME, Gage AD, Joseph NT, Danaei G, García-Saisó S, Salomon JA. Mortality due to low-quality health systems in the universal health coverage era: a systematic analysis of amenable deaths in 137 countries. Lancet. 2018;392:2203-12. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31668-4. PMID: 30195398.
Tulchinsky TH, Varavikova EA. What is the “New Public Health”? Public Health Rev. 2010; 32:25-53. doi:10.1007/BF03391592.
Health system performance comparison. An agenda for policy, information and research (2013). 2017 [cited 30 Aug 2020]. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/partners/observatory/publications/studies/health-system-performance-comparison.-an-agenda-for-policy,-information-and-research-2013.
Keykhaei M, Masinaei M, Mohammadi E, Azadnajafabad S, Rezaei N, Saeedi Moghaddam S, et al. A global, regional, and national survey on burden and Quality of Care Index (QCI) of hematologic malignancies; global burden of disease systematic analysis 1990–2017. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2021;10:11. doi:10.1186/s40164-021-00198-2. PMID: 33557940.
Xia B, Xia HH, Ma CW, et al. Trends in the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection in family physician-referred uninvestigated dyspeptic patients in Hong Kong. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22:243-9.
Lassen A, Hallas J, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB. Complicated and uncomplicated peptic ulcers in a Danish county 1993-2002: A population-based cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:945-53.
Everhart JE. Recent developments in the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2000;29:559-78.
Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain CA, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence consensus report. Gut. 2017;66:6-30.
Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ, et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut. 2015;64:1353-67.
Habeeb, A., Tiwari, S.K., Bardia, A., Khan, S., Vishwakarma, S.K., Habeeb, S. and Khan, A.A., 2016. Peptic Ulcer Disease: Descriptive Epidemiology, Risk Factors. Management and Prevention
Sanad MH, Saleh GM, Marzook FA. Radioiodination and biological evaluation of nizatidine as a new highly selective radiotracer for peptic ulcer disorder detection. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm. 2017;60(13):600-7.
Ramakrishnan K, Salinas RC. Peptic ulcer disease. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(7):1005-12.
Nieto YB. Protocolo terapéutico de la úlcera péptica. Med Prog Form Méd Continuada Acreditado. 2012;11(3):179-82.
Sung JJ, et al. Causes of mortality in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding: a prospective cohort study of 10,428 cases. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(1):84-9.
Martins LC, et al. Soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o antígeno CagA do Helicobacter pylori em pacientes com úlcera gástrica na região Norte do Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2002;35:307-10.
Lafortuna CL, et al. The relationship between body composition and muscle power output in men and women with obesity. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004;27(9):854-61.
Toneto MG, Oliveira FJM, Lopes MHI. Evolução histórica da úlcera péptica: da etiologia ao tratamento. Scientia Medica. 2011;21(1):23-30.
Güzel H, Kahramanca S, Şeker D, Özgehan G, Tunç G, Küçükpınar T, et al. Peptic ulcer complications requiring surgery: what has changed in the last 50 years in Turkey. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2014;25(2):152-5.
Lee CW, Sarosi GA Jr. Emergency ulcer surgery. Surg Clin North Am. 2011;91:1001-13.
Zelickson MS, Bronder CM, Johnson BL, et al. Helicobacter pylori is not predominant etiology for peptic ulcers requiring operation. Am Surg. 2011;77:1054-60.
Hajiani E, Hashemi J, Vosoghi T. Comparison of a 10 day triple and a two-week quadruple therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital clinics Ahwaz, Iran. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2008;3(1):45-52.
Yasir S, Moin F, Akhtar SM. Frequency of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Histopathology in Patients with Dyspepsia. Am J Clin Med Res. 2014;2(3):53-6.
Naja F, Kreiger N, Sullivan T. Helicobacter pylori infection in Ontario: Prevalence and risk factors. Can J Gastroenterol. 2007;21(8):501-6.
Marques SB, Mattar R, Artifon EL, et al. High prevalence of duodenal ulcer in a tertiary care hospital in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Arq Gastroenterol. 2011;48(3):171-4.
Wu HC, Tuo BG, Wu MW, et al. Prevalence of Peptic Ulcer in Dyspeptic Patients and the Influence of Age, Sex, and Helicobacter pylori Infection. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(10):2650-6.
Ding Z, Zhao S, Gong S, Li Z, Mao M, Xu X, Zhou L. Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic Chinese children: a prospective, cross-sectional, population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42(8):1019-26. doi:10.1111/apt.13364.
Sauka A, Putniņš T. Shadow Economy Index for the Baltic Countries 2009-2017. Stockholm School of Economics in Riga. 2019. Available from: https://www.sseriga.edu/shadow-economy-index-baltic-countries.
Ogihara A, Kikuchi S, Hasegawa A, et al. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and smoking and drinking habits. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000;15:271-6. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02077.x.
Ozaydin N, Turkyilmaz SA, Cali S. Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori in Turkey: a nationally-representative, cross-sectional, screening with the 13C-Urea breath test. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1215. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1215.
Magalhães Queiroz DM, Luzza F. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2006;11(Suppl 1):1-5.
Zhu Y, Zhou X, Wu J, Su J, Zhang G. Risk factors and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in persistent high incidence area of gastric carcinoma in Yangzhong city. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2014;2014:481365. doi:10.1155/2014/481365.
Chaudhry A, Cuthrell KM, Thornton OR. Peptic Ulcer Disease; Stomach and Gastric Ulcers, a Concise Review. Int Res J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;6(1):30-9.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
