Detection of Blood-Borne Viruses among Blood Donors in Diyala Governorate during 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59675/M411Keywords:
Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency, ELISA, epidemiologyAbstract
Blood-borne viruses are viruses that some people carry in their blood and can be spread from one person to another. Those infected with blood-borne viruses may show little or no symptoms of serious disease, but other infected people may be severely ill. A screening test is done to detect potential health disorders or diseases in people who do not have any symptoms of disease. The goal is early detection and lifestyle changes or surveillance, to reduce the risk of disease, or to detect it early enough to treat it most effectively. Aim: To determine the blood viral infection among blood donation in Diyala governorate during 2024. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in the Blood Bunk in Baqubah Teaching Hospital during the period from January to December 2024 in Diyala Governorate. A seroepidemiologic survey about hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using Elisa for qualitative detection for each virus. Results: The rate of blood viral infection among blood donation was 2.45% during 2024. High percentages of HBV 2.31% (662 cases) were noticed in this study followed by HCV and HIV 0.08% (25 cases) and 0.04% (14 cases) respectively. Infection in males more than females, and most positive cases were reported in age group 31-45 years 356 (53.78%) for HBV, 15(60%) for HCV, and 6 (42.85%) for HIV. There were differences in patient accommodations between Baqubah and its surrounding areas for each virus. Hepatitis B virus cases are distributed consistently throughout the year, with the highest prevalence in March 89(13.44%) and May 78(11.78%). Hepatitis C virus shows a relatively stable low prevalence across months, peaking slightly on January 5(20%) and August 5(20%). Human immunodeficiency virus cases remain consistently rare, with minor spikes on August 6(42.86%) and October 2(14.30%). Conclusion: Proportion of viral infection among blood donation was still high, further studies are recommended to follow up the rate of infection.
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